Sarfraz, M., Syed Makhdoom Muhammad Mehdi, and Kanwal Yousaf. “A Lightweight ROI-Based 3D Convolutional Neural Network With Spatial Attention for Violence Detection in Videos”. International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, vol. 8, no. 3, May 2026, pp. 595-07, https://journal.50sea.com/index.php/IJIST/article/view/1827.