Yousaf, Samreen, Sabeen Masood, Maryam Nageen, Farah Haneef, and Afsheen Masood. “Challenging the Transformer: A Comparative Study of CNN and RoBERTa for Hate Speech Detection on Imbalanced Data”. International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology 8, no. 3 (April 28, 2026): 116–134. Accessed June 10, 2026. https://journal.50sea.com/index.php/IJIST/article/view/1822.