Position of Pakistani Basmati Rice in International Markets (A Comparative Analysis)
Keywords:
Bilateral Coordination, Competitiveness, International Markets, Banaspati RiceAbstract
Competitive products meet or exceed national and international quality requirements while also providing a reasonable return on the resources needed to produce them. The nominal protection coefficient (NPC) will be tracked as a dependent variable in this study. Several macroeconomic variables are estimated to impact the competitiveness of basmati exports. Inflation in Pakistan's trade partners has a favorable and considerable impact on Pakistan's basmati export competitiveness. The export of basmati rice is influenced by Pakistan's currency rate, which is high compared to other trading countries. The first set of high-potential markets includes three countries including Iran, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia. All have mid-range prospective markets. There is little hope for Yemen, Poland, and Qatar in the third category of markets. It is recommended that Pakistani basmati exporters concentrate on increasing their basmati export shares to the UK, Canada, and the US, as these markets provide significant potential and competition. Basmati exporters could also consider Oman, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates as potential markets, rather than Yemen, Poland, and Qatar. Pakistani Banspati rice is considered as the best throughout the world however it is a need to enhance bilateral coordination.
References
G. Kennedy and B. Burlingame, “Analysis of food composition data on rice from a plant genetic resources perspective,” vol. 80, pp. 589–596, 2003.
M. H. Saleem et al., “Jute : A Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation of Metals — A Review,” pp. 1–14, 2020.
M. H. Saleem et al., “Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L .): A Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation ? Biological and Economical Points of View,” 2020.
M. H. Saleem et al., “Influence of phosphorus on copper phytoextraction via modulating cellular organelles in two jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) varieties grown in a copper mining soil of Hubei Province, China,” ECSN, p. 126032, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126032.
I. E. Zaheer et al., “Zinc-lysine Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L .) by Preventing Phytotoxicity of Chromium , When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater,” 2020.
W. Akhtar, M. Sharif, and N. Akmal, “Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Competitiveness of the Rice Production Systems of Pakistan’s Punjab,” Lahore J. Econ., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 141–153, 2007, doi: 10.35536/lje.2007.v12.i1.a7.
M. Hamzah et al., “Appraising growth , oxidative stress and copper phytoextraction potential of flax ( Linum usitatissimum L .) grown in soil differentially spiked with copper,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 257, no. December 2019, p. 109994, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109994.
R. Muhammad, S. Jafar, A. Rabnawaz, S. Hussain, W. Ahmed, and P. Zhuang, “Aptitudes of Pakistani Rice Industry with Respect to Global Trade,” J. Econ. Sustain. Dev. www.iiste.org ISSN, vol. 6, no. 22, 2015, [Online]. Available: www.iiste.org
I. Javed, A. Ghafoor, A. Ali, M. Ali Imran, and M. Ashfaq, “Margins and determinants of rice export from Pakistan to uae market,” Pakistan J. Agric. Sci., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 569–575, 2015.
I. Javed and A. Ghafoor, “Determinants of rice export from Pakistan,” Lect. Notes Electr. Eng., vol. 185 LNEE, pp. 793–801, 2013, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4600-1_68/COVER.
M. H. Saleem, S. Fahad, S. U. Khan, M. Din, A. Ullah, and A. E. L. Sabagh, “Copper-induced oxidative stress , initiation of antioxidants and phytoremediation potential of flax ( Linum usitatissimum L .) seedlings grown under the mixing of two different soils of China,” 2019.
I. Javed, M. Shfaq, and N. Anwar, “Exports of Major Agricultural Products from Pakistan to United Arab Emirates: Performance and Comparative Advantage,” Sci. Technol. Dev., vol. 36(1), no. November, pp. 53–60, 2017, doi: 10.3923/std.2017.53.60.
A. Adhikari, M. K. Sekhon, and M. Kaur, “ Export of Rice from India: Performance and Determinants § ,” Agric. Econ. Res. Rev., vol. 29, no. 1, p. 135, 2016, doi: 10.5958/0974-0279.2016.00026.4.
I. E. Zaheer et al., “Role of iron–lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater,” Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.034.
K. Fatima, U. Nisar, and H. Yasmin, “Factors Affecting the Bilateral Trade of Pakistan With Major Trading Partners,” J. Econ. Impact, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 19–28, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://www.scienceimpactpub.com/jei
N. Iqbal, R. Begum, S. Ali, and A. A. Alsahli, “Jo ur na l P re of,” Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.010.
I. Javed et al., “Competitiveness in agricultural trade of Pakistan with united arab emirates,” Pakistan J. Agric. Sci., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 703–709, 2018, doi: 10.21162/PAKJAS/18.3498.
J. Afzal et al., “Role of Ferrous Sulfate ( FeSO 4 ) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice ( Oryza sativa L .) Genotypes,” 2020.
L. Latruffe, “Competitiveness, Productivity and Efficiency in the Agricultural and Agri-Food Sectors,” OECD Food, Agric. Fish. Pap., vol. 30, no. 30, pp. 1–63, 2010, doi: 10.1787/5km91nkdt6d6-en.
B. Balassa and D. M. Schydlowsky, “Domestic Resource Costs and Effective Protection Once Again,” https://doi.org/10.1086/259861, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 63–69, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1086/259861.
J. H. and G. P. Gulati, A., “Effective incentives in India’s agriculture cotton groundnuts, wheat and rice.,” 1990.
D. S. Taylor and T. P. Phillips, “Food-Pricing Policy in Developing Countries: Further Evidence on Cereal Producer Prices,” Am. J. Agric. Econ., vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 1036–1043, Nov. 1991, doi: 10.2307/1242431.
A. Kumar, “Exports of Livestock Products from India : Performance,” Agric. Econ. Res., vol. 23, no. June, pp. 57–67, 2010.
M. Rakotoarisoa and A. Gulati, “Competitiveness and trade potential of India’s dairy industry,” Food Policy, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 216–227, Jun. 2006, doi: 10.1016/J.FOODPOL.2006.03.003.
A. Sardar et al., “Potential markets for beef: An evidence from pakistani beef industry,” Sarhad J. Agric., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 686–695, 2019, doi: 10.17582/JOURNAL.SJA/2019/35.3.686.695.
A. Economics and D. Library, “Agricultural Growth and Regional Disparity in India : A Convergence Analysis”.
W. R. Reed and H. Ye, “Which panel data estimator should I use?,” https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840802600087, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 985–1000, Mar. 2009, doi: 10.1080/00036840802600087.
R. W. Parks, “Efficient Estimation of a System of Regression Equations when Disturbances are Both Serially and Contemporaneously Correlated,” J. Am. Stat. Assoc., vol. 62, no. 318, pp. 500–509, 1967, doi: 10.1080/01621459.1967.10482923.
