Media, Militancy, and Modernity: The Impact of Social Media and Global Narratives on Gun Normalization among Pakistani Youth

Abstract

This study explores the influence of global and social media on the perceptions of Pakistani youth regarding guns and masculinity. Through a combination of surveys, interviews, and an interactive drama-skit performance, the study investigates how media portrayals, particularly those in Bollywood films and action movies, contribute to the normalization of guns and their association with masculinity, power, and aggression. The findings suggest that Pakistani youth are frequently exposed to violent media content, which influences their attitudes toward gun ownership and aggressive behaviors. However, the study also reveals a growing awareness among youth about the negative consequences of these portrayals, with many participants expressing a desire for alternative, peaceful representations of masculinity. The research highlights the importance of media literacy programs in empowering youth to critically engage with media content and to challenge harmful stereotypes. The study concludes by recommending more responsible media portrayals that promote non-violent masculinity and conflict resolution, as well as the incorporation of media literacy into educational curricula.