Continuity and Change in US Foreign Policy: The Dialectical Interplay of Hegemonic Legitimacy, Leadership and International Order under Bush

Abstract

This article analyzes the dialectical relationship between continuity and change in the foreign policy of the United States as a hegemonic power. The article starts by looking at the agent-structure problem and the things that affect changes in foreign policy and the legitimacy of hegemony. different ways that three former US presidents—George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump—led with hegemony.  fully understand foreign policy, it is important to look at changing factors like the context and the leader. article seeks to juxtapose the foreign policy strategies of the three presidents and articulate two principal arguments.  leaders' perspectives and their capacity to adjust to unforeseen crises. The slow loss of the United States' dominance in the world order can be traced back to changes in the structure of the world order and the loss of its social capital and hegemonic role. Leadership styles employed by American presidents significantly influence the decline of the nation's hegemonic leadership.