Experimental Design-Based Optimization of Football Manufacturing: A Case Study of Anwar Khawaja Industries

Muhammad Nauman; Misbah Ullah; Muhammad Junaid

Authors

Muhammad Nauman Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
Misbah Ullah Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
Muhammad Junaid Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistand

Keywords:

Manufacturing, Football Bladder, Definitive Screening Design (DSD), ANOVA

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the critical factors influencing the weight and quality of football bladders during the manufacturing process, with a focus on optimizing production at Anwar Khwaja Industries (Pvt) Limited, Sialkot. This research employs the Definitive Screening Design (DSD) to identify and quantify the impact of key variables, including material composition and process parameters, on the final product’s performance. Among the factors analyzed, Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) emerged as the most significant factor, demonstrating a strong effect on the response variable. Additionally, interactions between Sulphur–CaCO3, Zinc Oxide–BHT, and CaCO3–BHT were found to be critical in determining football quality, durability, and cost–efficiency. Statistical analysis, including regression modeling and ANOVA, underscores these relationships but also reveals model limitations. This study also addresses model accuracy concerns, reporting an R–R-squared value of 52.2%, while the low adjusted R2 (19.4%) and predicative R2 (0.0%) indicate limited generalizability. To address multicollinearity concerns, the factor reduction technique was applied, improving the reliability of experimental findings. The study emphasizes the role of advanced statistical techniques in optimizing manufacturing processes to maintain Pakistan’s global leadership in football production.

Author Biography

Muhammad Junaid, Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistand

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