AI-Driven Parking Management: ANPR-Based Entry & Biometric Gate Control
Keywords:
ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition), Biometric Gate Control, IoT, Parking-Management-System, Vehicle classificationAbstract
There is now a greater need for effective and safe parking solutions due to the growth in urbanization. To provide an anodyne parking experience, this article introduces an AI-driven parking management system that combines biometric authentication for gate control with Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) for vehicle classification. This paper will present an IoT-based automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) and biometric gate control system designed to optimize parking management through automated vehicle access. We suggested a biometric-integrated Internet of Things-based parking access management system with fingerprint recognition for user authentication. The system uses a Raspberry Pi 4 as its central controller and uses automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) to classify vehicles. Our suggested framework will utilize the camera to capture images of vehicles, then extract the license plate number and compare it to a database of permitted vehicles using ANPR software for vehicle classification and allocation. The system uses AI and IoT-based technologies to enhance security, automate vehicle entrances, and track real-time parking occupancy. Only registered users or authorized personnel are permitted to enter the restricted parking area. The proposed system is designed to operate in real-time, minimizing unauthorized access, reducing congestion, and enhancing overall parking efficiency. As a result of integrating with IoT systems, the solution will improve security and operational efficiency by enabling real-time monitoring, dynamic updates of parking availability, and logging of entry and exit events.
References
A. N. Alessandro Aloisio, “Parameterized complexity of coverage in multi-interface IoT networks: Pathwidth,” Internet of Things, vol. 28, p. 101353, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2024.101353.
J. L. B. M.R.M. Veeramanickam, B. Venkatesh, Laxmi A. Bewoor, Yogesh W. Bhowte, Kavita Moholkar, “IoT based smart parking model using Arduino UNO with FCFS priority scheduling,” Meas. Sensors, vol. 24, p. 100524, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2022.100524.
N. C. K. Shahed I. Khan, Biplob R. Ray, “RFID localization in construction with IoT and security integration,” Autom. Constr., vol. 159, p. 105249, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105249.
L. W. Zhoujing Ye, Ya Wei, Songli Yang, Pengpeng Li, Fei Yang, Biyu Yang, “IoT-enhanced smart road infrastructure systems for comprehensive real-time monitoring,” Internet Things Cyber-Physical Syst., vol. 4, pp. 235–249, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2024.01.002.
R. H. A. Xi Hu, “A BIM-enabled digital twin framework for real-time indoor environment monitoring and visualization by integrating autonomous robotics, LiDAR-based 3D mobile mapping, IoT sensing, and indoor positioning technologies,” J. Build. Eng., vol. 86, p. 108901, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.108901.
M. S. Mohammad Shabaz, “Internet of things-based robust semi-analytical over ubiquitous data for indoor positioning geomagnetic,” Meas. Sensors, vol. 33, p. 101107, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2024.101107.
K. A. I. S. T. Abhishek Dheeven, P. Marish Kumar, V. Venkatesh, “IoT based sensor enabled vehicle parking system,” Meas. Sensors, vol. 31, p. 100953, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2023.100953.
K. P. M. Y. S. &. S. P. Singh, “Smart parking system using IoT,” Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 81–86, 2019.
M. A. Mohammad M. Abdellatif, Noura H. Elshabasy, Ahmed E. Elashmawy, “A low cost IoT-based Arabic license plate recognition model for smart parking systems,” Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 14, no. 6, p. 102178, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102178.
J. K. Hobeom Jeon, Hyungmin Kim, Dohyung Kim, “PASS-CCTV: Proactive Anomaly surveillance system for CCTV footage analysis in adverse environmental conditions,” Expert Syst. Appl., p. 124391, 7362BC, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124391.
S. D. J. M. H. &. C. C. Parab, “Automatic parking system using Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR),” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., 2022.
M. K. K. Muhammad Khalid, Kezhi Wang, Nauman Aslam, Yue Cao, Naveed Ahmad, “From smart parking towards autonomous valet parking: A survey, challenges and future Works,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 175, p. 102935, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102935.
K. S. Ali Ismail Awad, Aiswarya Babu, Ezedin Barka, “AI-powered biometrics for Internet of Things security: A review and future vision,” J. Inf. Secur. Appl., vol. 82, p. 103748, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2024.103748.
D. S. P. Mihir Jadhav, “IOT Based Traffic System By Vehicle Number Plate Identification & Traffic Monitoring,” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 2019.
S. K. V. K. Amara Aditya, Shahina Anwarul, Rohit Tanwar, “An IoT assisted Intelligent Parking System (IPS) for Smart Cities,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 218, pp. 1045–1054, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.084.
E. U. Atiqur Rahman, “Smart Parking based on iOS Apps for Smart Cities,” J. Kejuruter., vol. 35, no. 4, p. : 983-98, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://www.ukm.my/jkukm/wp-content/uploads/2023/3504/21.pdf
W. A. Jabbar, C. W. Wei, N. A. A. M. Azmi, and N. A. Haironnazli, “An IoT Raspberry Pi-based parking management system for smart campus,” Internet of Things, vol. 14, p. 100387, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2021.100387.
C. C. Huimin Chen, Xiaofeng Shi, Menghui Liu, “A Chinese License Plate Recognition System based on OpenCV for complex environments,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 243, pp. 1265–1272, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.09.149.
J. C. A. Elizabeth Shoop, Suzanne J. Matthews, Richard Brown, “Hands-on parallel & distributed computing with Raspberry Pi devices and clusters,” J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., vol. 196, p. 104996, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2024.104996.
H.-F. W. Hemal Weerasinghe, Maheshika Kumarihamy, “Development of 2D Ir-DMG nanosheets as a colorimetric sensor probe for Ni (II) sensing and a highly sensitive, reliable, and portable colorimetric sensor device for environmental analysis,” FlatChem, vol. 48, p. 100763, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100763.
Tanja Kammersgaard Christensen, “Pre-installed cameras in vehicles—New technology from a data protection law perspective,” Comput. Law Secur. Rev., vol. 53, p. 105980, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.105980.
N. Y. A. S. Waheb A. Jabbar, Lu Yi Tiew, “Internet of things enabled parking management system using long range wide area network for smart city,” Internet Things Cyber-Physical Syst., vol. 4, pp. 82–98, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.09.001.
M. S. Kelebogile Confidence Meje, Lindiwe Bokopane, Kanzumba Kusakana, “Real-time power dispatch in a standalone hybrid multisource distributed energy system using an Arduino board,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 479–486, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.016.
Z. Y. Ciyuan Chen, Junzhou Luo, Zhuqing Xu, Runqun Xiong, Dian Shen, “Enabling large-scale low-power LoRa data transmission via multiple mobile LoRa gateways,” Comput. Networks, vol. 237, p. 110083, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2023.110083.
L. L. M. L. V. &. L. K. HEMANTHI, “IOT Based Smart Parking System with Number Plate Recognition,” Int. J. Techo-Engineering, 2022.

Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 50sea

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.