BCAS: A Blockchain Model for Collision Avoidance to Prevent Overtaking Accidents on Roads

Nadeem Malik; Saud Altaf; Muhammad Azeem Abbas

Authors

Nadeem Malik University Institute of Information Technology -PMAS Arid Agriculture University
Saud Altaf University Institute of Information Technology -PMAS Arid Agriculture University
Muhammad Azeem Abbas University Institute of Information Technology -PMAS Arid Agriculture University

Keywords:

Road Accident, Overtaking, Blockchain, V2V routing , Machine Learning

Abstract

Overtaking at high speeds, especially on non-divided roadways, is a leading cause of traffic accidents. During overtaking maneuvers, humans are more likely to make mistakes due to factors that cannot be predicted. For overtaking operations in autonomous vehicles, prior research focused on image processing and distant sensing of the driving environment, which didn't consider the speed of the surrounding traffic, the size of the approaching vehicles, or the fact that they could not see beyond impediments in the road. The past researches didn't focus on the speed of the surrounding traffic or the size of the approaching vehicles. Moreover, most of the techniques were based on single agent systems where one agent manages the source vehicle's (autonomous) mobility within its surroundings. This research conducts a feasibility study on a remote Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication framework based on Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) to improve overtaking safety. This work also tries to improve safety by introducing a blockchain-based safety model called BCAS (Blockchain-based Collision Avoidance System). The proposed multi-agent technique strengthens the ability of real-time, high-speed vehicles to make decisions by allocating the total computation of processing responsibilities to each agent. From the experimental results, it is concluded that the proposed approach performs better than existing techniques and efficiently covers the limitations of existing studies.

References

A. M. Khasawneh et al., “Service-Centric Heterogeneous Vehicular Network Modeling for Connected Traffic Environments,” Sensors (Basel)., vol. 22, no. 3, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/S22031247.

Y. Lin, Y. Zhang, J. Li, F. Shu, and C. Li, “Popularity-Aware Online Task Offloading for Heterogeneous Vehicular Edge Computing Using Contextual Clustering of Bandits,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 5422–5433, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3109003.

Q. Xu, S. Li, T. Van Do, K. Jia, and N. Yang, “Performance analysis of cognitive radio networks with burst dynamics,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 110627–110638, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3103321.

L. Ismail, H. Materwala, and A. Hennebelle, “A Scoping Review of Integrated Blockchain-Cloud (BcC) Architecture for Healthcare: Applications, Challenges and Solutions,” Sensors 2021, Vol. 21, Page 3753, vol. 21, no. 11, p. 3753, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/S21113753.

H. Fatemidokht, M. K. Rafsanjani, B. B. Gupta, and C. H. Hsu, “Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms with UAV-Assisted for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks in Intelligent Transportation Systems,” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 4757–4769, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2020.3041746.

M. Saad, M. K. Khan, and M. Bin Ahmad, “Blockchain-Enabled Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Systematic Literature Review,” Sustain. 2022, Vol. 14, Page 3919, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 3919, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.3390/SU14073919.

Z. Shen and Z. Li, “Research on The Application of Blockchain in The Supply Chain From The Perspective of Big Data,” Proc. - 2021 3rd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. Big Data Bus. Intell. MLBDBI 2021, pp. 420–424, 2021, doi: 10.1109/MLBDBI54094.2021.00085.

K. Senathipathi, S. Kayalvili, P. Anitha, and K. J. Carol Henna, “Blockchain integrated IIOT – Future of IOT,” Mater. Today Proc., Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2020.12.1051.

M. Alsayegh, T. Moulahi, A. Alabdulatif, and P. Lorenz, “Towards Secure Searchable Electronic Health Records Using Consortium Blockchain,” Netw. 2022, Vol. 2, Pages 239-256, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 239–256, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.3390/NETWORK2020016.

N. Herbaut and N. Negru, “A Model for Collaborative Blockchain-Based Video Delivery Relying on Advanced Network Services Chains,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 70–76, 2017, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1700117.

J. Lu, D. He, and Z. Wang, “Learning-Assisted Secure Relay Selection with Outdated CSI for Finite-State Markov Channel,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., vol. 2021-April, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1109/VTC2021-SPRING51267.2021.9448708.

J. Zhang, “Trust management for VANETs: Challenges, desired properties and future directions,” Int. J. Distrib. Syst. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 48–62, 2012, doi: 10.4018/jdst.2012010104.

H. El-Sayed, H. A. Ignatious, P. Kulkarni, and S. Bouktif, “Machine learning based trust management framework for vehicular networks,” Veh. Commun., vol. 25, p. 100256, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.VEHCOM.2020.100256.

Y. L. Morgan, “Managing DSRC and WAVE Standards Operations in a V2V Scenario,” Int. J. Veh. Technol., vol. 2010, pp. 1–18, Jun. 2010, doi: 10.1155/2010/797405.

R. Kaur, R. K. Ramachandran, R. Doss, and L. Pan, “The importance of selecting clustering parameters in VANETs: A survey,” Comput. Sci. Rev., vol. 40, p. 100392, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.COSREV.2021.100392.

M. Ren, J. Zhang, L. Khoukhi, H. Labiod, and V. Vèque, “A review of clustering algorithms in VANETs,” Ann. Telecommun. 2021 769, vol. 76, no. 9, pp. 581–603, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1007/S12243-020-00831-X.

A. Mchergui, T. Moulahi, and S. Zeadally, “Survey on Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs),” Veh. Commun., vol. 34, p. 100403, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.VEHCOM.2021.100403.

S. Balasubramanium, K. Sivasankar, and M. P. Rajasekaran, “A Survey on Data privacy and preservation using Blockchain in Healthcare organization,” 2021 Int. Conf. Adv. Comput. Innov. Technol. Eng. ICACITE 2021, pp. 956–962, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1109/ICACITE51222.2021.9404650.

Z. Afzal and M. Kumar, “Security of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET): A survey,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1427, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1427/1/012015.

Q. Wang, D. Gao, and D. Chen, “Certificate Revocation Schemes in Vehicular Networks: A Survey,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 26223–26234, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2970460.

K. Baghery, “On the E ciency of Privacy-Preserving Smart Contract Systems”.

P. Shunmuga Perumal, Y. Wang, M. Sujasree, V. Mukthineni, and S. Ram Shimgekar, “Intelligent advice system for human drivers to prevent overtaking accidents in roads,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 199, p. 117178, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.ESWA.2022.117178.

T. Brijs, F. Mauriello, A. Montella, F. Galante, K. Brijs, and V. Ross, “Studying the effects of an advanced driver-assistance system to improve safety of cyclists overtaking,” Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 174, p. 106763, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.AAP.2022.106763.

M. Jayawardana and K. Karunanayaka, “Towards Reducing Traffic Accidents through Assisting Drivers,” ICARC 2022 - 2nd Int. Conf. Adv. Res. Comput. Towar. a Digit. Empower. Soc., pp. 142–147, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ICARC54489.2022.9754180.

Y. Zeyin, S. Long, and R. Gaoxiao, “Effects of safe driving climate among friends on prosocial and aggressive driving behaviors of young drivers: The moderating role of traffic locus of control,” J. Safety Res., vol. 81, pp. 297–304, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.JSR.2022.03.006.

S. K. Perepu and P. Prasanna Kumar, “Safe overtaking using image processing and deep learning techniques,” 2021 IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. ICOCO 2021, pp. 55–60, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ICOCO53166.2021.9673539.

S. Fosso Wamba, M. M. Queiroz, and L. Trinchera, “Dynamics between blockchain adoption determinants and supply chain performance: An empirical investigation,” Int. J. Prod. Econ., vol. 229, p. 107791, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.IJPE.2020.107791.

A. Jabbar and S. Dani, “Investigating the link between transaction and computational costs in a blockchain environment,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 3423–3436, 2020, doi: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1754487.

S. T. Huan, Y. C. Lin, and C. L. Lin, “Design and Implementation of Intelligent Overtaking System Using Model Predictive Control,” 2020 Int. Autom. Control Conf. CACS 2020, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1109/CACS50047.2020.9289754.

L. Wei, Y. Yang, J. Wu, C. Long, and B. Li, “Trust Management for Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Study,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 7664–7679, May 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3139989.

A. K. Tyagi, A. M. Krishna, S. Malik, M. M. Nair, and S. Niladhuri, “Trust and reputation mechanisms in vehicular ad-hoc networks: A systematic review,” Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 387–402, 2020, doi: 10.25046/AJ050150.