An Extensible Model-View-Controller (MVC)-Based Cross Platform Framework for Next-Generation AI-Enabled Email  Applications

Muhammad Hammadullah Arain; Madeha Memon; Zartasha Baloch; Ali Nafees Siddiqui; Uzaif Talpur

doi:10.33411/IJIST/1933

Authors

Muhammad Hammadullah Arain Mehran university of engineering and technology
Madeha Memon Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Zartasha Baloch Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Ali Nafees Siddiqui Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Uzaif Talpur Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33411/IJIST/1933

Keywords:

Flutter, Firebase, Cross-Platform Applications, Email Systems, Mobile Computing

Abstract

Cross-platform application development is becoming increasingly important because of the fast-growing trend towards developing heterogeneous computing systems such as Android, iOS, and desktops. The traditional approach of native development requires maintaining separate codebases, thereby increasing development costs and time to market. This paper details the development and design of a cross-platform email application termed 1TapMail, which utilizes the Flutter framework with Firebase services acting as its back-end infrastructure. The application utilizes one codebase that guarantees consistency of operations and adequate performance on various computing devices while ensuring high user convenience. This is achieved by implementing basic email functionality such as authentication, sending, receiving, and management of emails while also offering the facility of data storage. Experimental evaluation included functional, usability, and platform compatibility testing. The proposed framework achieved a 100% functional success rate by passing all 13 predefined test cases and demonstrated successful deployment across android, iOS, and desktop platforms using a single codebase. The results indicate that the proposed framework provides a reliable and practical alternative to conventional native development approaches.

References

Ruixuan Li, Shaodong Xiao, “Bounce in the Wild: A Deep Dive into Email Delivery Failures from a Large Email Service Provider,” Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Internet Meas. Conf. IMC, pp. 659–673, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3646547.3688425

Osinachi Deborah Segun-Falade, Olajide Soji Osundare, Wagobera Edgar Kedi, Patrick Azuka Okeleke, Tochukwu Ignatius Ijomah, and Oluwatosin Yetunde Abdul-Azeez, “Developing crossplatform software applications to enhance compatibility across devices and systems,” Comput. Sci. IT Res. J., vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 2040–2061, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.51594/CSITRJ.V5I8.1491.

F. Mushtaq, F. Azam, and M. W. Anwar, “Performance Comparison of Single Code Base Development Tools: Flutter, React Native, and Xamarin,” Proc. - 2024 14th Int. Conf. Softw. Technol. Eng. ICSTE 2024, pp. 17–23, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ICSTE63875.2024.00011.

D. Zou and M. Y. Darus, “A Comparative Analysis of Cross-Platform Mobile Development Frameworks,” 2024 6th IEEE Symp. Comput. Informatics, Isc. 2024, pp. 84–90, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ISCI62787.2024.10667693.

M. J. Fauzi Hidayatul Anmi, “Implementation of Flutter and Firebase Technologies in Modern Live Streaming Application Development,” JOISIE (Journal Inf. Syst. Informatics Eng., vol. 9, no. 1, p. 246, 2025, doi: 10.35145/joisie.v9i1.4808.

J. Nanavati, S. Patel, U. Patel, and A. Patel, “Critical Review and Fine-Tuning Performance of Flutter Applications,” Proc. - 2024 5th Int. Conf. Mob. Comput. Sustain. Informatics, ICMCSI 2024, pp. 838–841, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ICMCSI61536.2024.00131.

N. H. Herrera, R. Rivera, E. Gómez-Torres, and C. Challiol, “CAMS-F: Extending the Context-Aware Mobile System Framework for Cross-Platform Development with Flutter, Firebase, and Google Maps,” pp. 566–576, 2026, doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-07995-4_37/SAVE-RESEARCH.

K. U. Singh, N. Varshney, P. Gupta, G. Kumar, T. Singh, and S. R. Dogiwal, “Mobile Application Control with Firebase Cloud Messaging,” Lect. Notes Networks Syst., vol. 1020 LNNS, pp. 527–535, 2024, doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-3588-4_42/SAVE-RESEARCH.

A. K. Das and S. Ghosh, “Real-Time Virtual Classroom Platform: Integrating React, Firebase, WebRTC, and Socket.io,” 2025 8th Int. Conf. Electron. Mater. Eng. Nano-Technology, IEMENTech 2025, 2025, doi: 10.1109/IEMENTECH65115.2025.10959621.

Hanis Diansyah, Syafrinal Syafrinal, “Design and Development of a Mobile Application Using Android Studio and Flutter,” J. Mob. Technol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 69–76, 2025, doi: 10.59431/jms.v3i2.646.

V. Kavitha, V. P. Harish, A. Ravindar, and G. P. Sivasaran, “Post-Quantum Email: A Practical Implementation of Lattice-Based Cryptography with Crystals-Dilithium for Advanced Email Encryption,” IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol., vol. 750 IFIPAICT, pp. 138–147, 2026, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-98364-1_12/SAVE-RESEARCH.

R. A. Aladraj, “Evaluation of Secure Email Awareness: A Case Study,” 2nd Int. Conf. IT Innov. Knowl. Discov. ITIKD 2024, 2025, doi: 10.1109/ITIKD63574.2025.11005031.

Najwa Altwaijry, Isra Al-Turaiki, “Advancing Phishing Email Detection: A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 7, p. 2077, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072077.

Sakthivel N, Somasundaram R.S, “SmartMail Hub: An AI-Powered Unified Interface for Cross-Platform Email Management,” Authorea Prepr., 2025, [Online]. Available: https://www.techrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.36227/techrxiv.176127050.02840975/v1

A. Rachad, L. Gaiz, K. Bouragba, and M. Ouzzif, “Sending and Receiving Secure Email Based on Blockchain,” Proc. - 10th Int. Conf. Ubiquitous Networking, UNet 2024, 2024, doi: 10.1109/UNET62310.2024.10794735.

Xiao Tan, Xifeng Tian, “Development of a Digital Intelligence Training System for Faculty in Smart Health and Elderly Care Services and Management Based on the MVC Pattern,” Proc. 2026 2nd Int. Conf. Digit. Educ. Inf. Technol. DEIT 2026, 2026, [Online]. Available: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3802607.3802624

J. Kim, “MVCPVM: Model-View-Controller-Presenter-View Model - A Unified Architectural Pattern,” SSRN , Mar. 2026, doi: 10.2139/SSRN.6376119.

P. Aadhavan, D. Vasantha Kumar, R. Suganthini Sri, J. Ganapathy, and P. Ramachandran, “AI-Powered Phishing Detection in Email Forensics: A Machine Learning Approach for Cyber Threat,” 2025 10th Int. Conf. Front. Signal Process. ICFSP 2025, pp. 146–150, 2025, doi: 10.1109/ICFSP67350.2025.11353877.

Linga Reddy Alva & Bishwajeet Pandey, “Agentic AI systems in the age of generative models: architectures, cloud scalability, and real-world applications,” Artif. Intell. Rev., vol. 59, no. 88, 2026, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10462-025-11458-6

Y. W. Syaifudin, D. D. Yapenrui, Noprianto, N. Funabiki, I. Siradjuddin, and H. N. Chasanah, “Implementation of Self-Learning Topic for Developing Interactive Mobile Application in Flutter Programming Learning Assistance System,” 2024 ASU Int. Conf. Emerg. Technol. Sustain. Intell. Syst. ICETSIS 2024, pp. 1103–1107, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ICETSIS61505.2024.10459432.

Madeha Memon, Irfan Ali Bhacho, Zartasha Baloch, Hanan Shaikh, & Touqeer Ali, “An Eco-Friendly Affordable Web-Based Fashion Sharing Platform Promoting Sustainability,” J. Comput. Biomed. Informatics, vol. 9, no. 1, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://jcbi.org/index.php/Main/article/view/1022

AmeerJan, Z. Baloch, M. Memon, A. Manzoor, and T. Ahmed, “ASAN MANDI: Digital Transformation of Pakistan’s Fruit and Vegetable Market,” Int. J. Innov. Sci. Technol., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1453–1465, 2025, Accessed: Jul. 08, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://ideas.repec.org/a/abq/ijist1/v7y2025i3p1453-1465.html

K. Dewal, B., Memon, madeha, Rathi, M., Memon, Y. and Fatima, “A Framework for Automatic Blood Group Identification and Notification Alert System,” vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 74–84, 2023.

A. M. Yasir et al., “Comparative Performance Analysis of Firebase Realtime Database and Supabase Using Multi-Method Testing Approaches,” pp. 303–308, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1109/ICE3IS66769.2025.11281116.