Over-Voltage Protection Circuit for Tripping & Switching of 220V Appliances Using Relay Module and Python-Based Algo

Ehtisham Arshad; Raja Masood Larik; Syed Aqeel Haider; Attaullah Khidrani; Asad Amjad; Usman Humayun; Muhammad Rashid; Zeeshan Ahmad Arfeen; Feeha Areej; Ubedullah; Fatimah Khairiah

Authors

Ehtisham Arshad Department of Electrical Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB) Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Raja Masood Larik NED University of Engineering & Technology
Syed Aqeel Haider Department of Computer & Information Systems Engineering, Faculty of Computer & Electrical Engineering, NE. D University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Attaullah Khidrani Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Baluchistan University of Engineering and Technology, Khuzdar, Pakistan
Asad Amjad NUST Business School, National University of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
Usman Humayun Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) Multan 60800, Pakistan
Muhammad Rashid Department of Electrical Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB) Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Zeeshan Ahmad Arfeen The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Feeha Areej NED University of Engineering & Technology
Ubedullah Department of Electrical Engineering, Sindh Institute of Management and Technology; Karachi, Pakistan
Fatimah Khairiah Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, University Technology MARA Johor Branch, Pasir Gudang Campus, 81750 Masai, Johor, Malaysia

Keywords:

Overvoltage Protection, Under-Voltage Protection, Relay Module, Tripping Mechanisms, Load Cut-Off , Fault Prevention

Abstract

Mitigating the risk of appliance damage caused by overvoltage conditions is a critical aspect of ensuring electrical safety and reliability. This study presents a novel "Over Voltage Protection Circuit for Tripping and Switching 220V Appliances Using a Relay Module," designed to address this challenge through an automated disconnection mechanism. The proposed system enhances protection, operational stability, and the longevity of connected appliances, making it a valuable addition to electrical safety measures. The circuit utilizes a combination of electronic components including transistors, capacitors, resistors, LEDs, diodes, and a relay module. Through the integration of these elements, the circuit detects over-voltage situations, triggers the relay to disconnect the appliance, and indicates the status through LEDs. The adjustable potentiometer allows for customization of the overvoltage threshold, enhancing flexibility and adaptability to varying electrical environments. Test results demonstrated that the circuit reliably disconnected the load at the specified voltage threshold and reconnected it when conditions stabilized. The design successfully accounted for hysteresis in relay operation, minimizing unnecessary toggling and ensuring stable performance. This practical and cost-effective solution offers reliable overvoltage protection for diverse applications.

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