Reducing the Environmental Impact of Leather Production and Assessing the Potential of Cactus-Based Vegan Leather

Sumaira Tariq; Malaika Moazzam; Asad Ali; Muhammad Saleem Khan; Muhammad Faheem Ullah; Yaseen Mughal; Muhammad Hasan; Khurram Shahzad Ayub

Authors

Sumaira Tariq Department of Chemical Engineering, H.H. Campus, University of Gujrat, Pakistan. (sumairatariq907@gmail.com)
Malaika Moazzam Forward Sports Pvt. Ltd, Punjab, Pakistan.
Asad Ali School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. Department of Chemical Engineering, H.H. Campus, University of Gujrat, Pakistan.
Muhammad Saleem Khan Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology, Khanewal Road, Multan, Pakistan.
Muhammad Faheem Ullah Forward Sports Pvt. Ltd, Punjab, Pakistan.
Yaseen Mughal Shaukat Soap & Ghee Industries (Pvt) Limited, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hasan Khatoon Industries Pvt LTD, Punjab, Pakistan.
Khurram Shahzad Ayub Department of Chemical Engineering, H.H. Campus, University of Gujrat, Pakistan.

Keywords:

Environmental Impact, Animal Welfare, Cactus Leather, Sustainability, Global Shift

Abstract

Global warming and the environmental and health risks linked to animal-based leather products have increased the demand for sustainable alternatives. Vegan leather has gained attention as a promising solution to these issues, encouraging eco-friendly fashion. To reduce its environmental impact, the leather industry is shifting from animal-derived to plant-based materials. Traditional leather production involves slaughtering over a billion cattle each year, releasing harmful substances like chromium and lead that pollute water sources and threaten public health. This study explores the potential of cactus-based vegan leather as an eco-friendly substitute for conventional leather. The process involved harvesting mature cactus pads, drying them in the sun, and transforming them into a sturdy material that mimics the properties of real leather. Mechanical tests showed that cactus leather offers similar durability, flexibility, and aesthetic appeal to traditional leather. The results emphasize the environmental, economic, and functional advantages of cactus leather, positioning it as a scalable alternative to reduce the negative ecological effects of animal-based leather production.

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