Extraction of Bio-Oil from The Pyrolysis of Banana Tree Waste Using A Fixed-Bed Reactor

Muhammad Tahseen Sadiq; Mahmboob Ahmad; Aman Fatima; Kamal Zafar; Muhammad Hassan Qasim; Faheem Qaisar; Shahzaib Hassan; Humaira Hameed

Authors

Muhammad Tahseen Sadiq Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Mahmboob Ahmad Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Aman Fatima Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Kamal Zafar Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hassan Qasim Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Faheem Qaisar Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Shahzaib Hassan Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Humaira Hameed Department of Chemistry, University of Agricultural, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Keywords:

Biomass, Renewable Energy, Banana Tree Waste, Pyrolysis, Bio-oil

Abstract

The rapid and ongoing depletion of fossil fuel reserves is driving up energy costs and harming the environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, leading to a global energy crisis. This situation highlights the urgent need to produce renewable fuel from biomass. This research focuses on extracting bio-oil from banana tree waste under different operating conditions. In this study, the pyrolysis process of banana tree waste was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor to maintain controlled conditions and prevent unwanted cracking. To optimize the process, the effects of temperature, particle size, and nitrogen flow rate on bio-oil yield were investigated. Experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 ℃, with feedstock particle sizes of 0.5 – 2.0 mm and nitrogen flow rates between 0.5 and 2 liters per minute. The optimal conditions for maximizing bio-oil yield were determined. Under these conditions, the maximum bio-oil yield of 32.13% was obtained at a temperature of 500 ℃, with a particle size of 1.2 – 2.0 mm and a nitrogen flow rate of 1 liter per minute. The results also demonstrate how temperature, particle size, and nitrogen flow affect the bio-oil yield during pyrolysis. The study concludes that banana tree waste can be efficiently converted into bio-oil through proper processing, contributing to sustainable energy production while minimizing environmental impact. The chemical composition of the bio-oil was analyzed using the GC-MS technique, which identified various compounds, including phenols, acids, and other chemical components.

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