Limitations of Current Syntactic Analysis Models for User Stories: A Systematic Literature Review Protocol

Authors

  • Muhammad Arif Department of Software Engineering, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Huma Hayat Khan Department of Software Engineering, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Nagis Fatima Department of Software Engineering, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan

Keywords:

User Stories, Syntactic Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Large language Models, Fine Tuning

Abstract

User stories serve as the backbone of Agile software development. User stories simply provide an understanding about the user requirements, such that what actually user need to perform a specific task. However stating user stories is not always as per the benchmark format and the frequent changes in the user needs also effect the user stories to be changed frequently. Thus there is the problem to correctly identify the structural elements of the user stories. In this context traditional models as well as large language models can be utilized to analyze user stories for their constituents. Thus the aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive protocol to conduct a systematic literature review which identify the limitation of current syntactic analysis models and also come up with the fine tuning techniques which can overcome the identified limitations.

Author Biographies

Huma Hayat Khan, Department of Software Engineering, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan

Department: Software Engineering

Rank: Assistant Professor

Nagis Fatima, Department of Software Engineering, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan

Department: Software Engineering

Rank: Assistant Professor

References

Ian Sommerville, Dave Cliff, Radu Calinescu, Justin Keen, Tim Kelly, Marta Kwiatkowska, John McDermid, Richard Paige, “Large-scale Complex IT Systems,” arXiv:1109.3444, 2011, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.3444

“Manifesto for Agile Software Development.” Accessed: Jan. 29, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://agilemanifesto.org/

L. Cao and B. Ramesh, “Agile requirements engineering practices: An empirical study,” IEEE Softw., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 60–67, Jan. 2008, doi: 10.1109/MS.2008.1.

M. Cohn, “User Stories Applied: For Agile Software Development (Addison Wesley Signature Series),” Writing, vol. 1, no. 0, p. 304, 2004, Accessed: Jan. 29, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/user-stories-applied/0321205685/

Fabiano Dalpiaz, Ivor van der Schalk, “Detecting terminological ambiguity in user stories: Tool and experimentation,” Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 110, pp. 3–16, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950584918300715

C. A. dos Santos, K. Bouchard, and B. Minetto Napoleão, “Automatic user story generation: a comprehensive systematic literature review,” Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 2024 201, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–24, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1007/S41060-024-00567-0.

Juliana Medeiros, Alexandre Vasconcelos, “Requirements specification for developers in agile projects: Evaluation by two industrial case studies,” Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 117, p. 106194, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950584919302010

I. K. Raharjana, D. Siahaan, and C. Fatichah, “User Story Extraction from Online News for Software Requirements Elicitation: A Conceptual Model,” JCSSE 2019 - 16th Int. Jt. Conf. Comput. Sci. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Evol. Towar. Singul. Man-Machine Intell., pp. 342–347, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1109/JCSSE.2019.8864199.

F. Hujainah, R. B. A. Bakar, M. A. Abdulgabber, “Software Requirements Prioritisation: A Systematic Literature Review on Significance, Stakeholders, Techniques and Challenges,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 71497–71523, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8539976

H. Sheemar and G. Kour, “Enhancing User-Stories Prioritization Process in Agile Environment,” Int. Conf. Innov. Control. Commun. Inf. Syst. ICICCI 2017, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICICCIS.2017.8660760.

R. Popli, N. Chauhan, and H. Sharma, “Prioritising user stories in agile environment,” Proc. 2014 Int. Conf. Issues Challenges Intell. Comput. Tech. ICICT 2014, pp. 515–519, 2014, doi: 10.1109/ICICICT.2014.6781336.

Angga Hendriana, Teguh Raharjo, Anita Nur Fitriani, “Approaches in Determining User Story Quality through Requirement Elicitation : A Systematic Literature Review,” Indones. J. Comput. Sci., vol. 12, no. 6, 2024, [Online]. Available: file:///C:/Users/VAIO/Desktop/Approaches_in_Determining_User_Story_Quality_throu.pdf

B. Yang, X. Ma, C. Wang, H. Guo, H. Liu, and Z. Jin, “User story clustering in agile development: a framework and an empirical study,” Front. Comput. Sci. 2023 176, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 176213-, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1007/S11704-022-8262-9.

C. Gralha, R. Pereira, M. Goulao, and J. Araujo, “On the impact of using different templates on creating and understanding user stories,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Requir. Eng., pp. 209–220, 2021, doi: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00026.

Beverly Park Woolf, “Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors,” Student-centered Strateg. revolutionizing e-learning, 2009, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/monograph/9780123735942/building-intelligent-interactive-tutors

T. Hoya, “Syntactic Processing,” pp. 85–109, 2024, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57312-5_7.

I. K. Raharjana, D. Siahaan, “User Stories and Natural Language Processing: A Systematic Literature Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 53811–53826, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9393933

Y. I. Takeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo, “Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners,” arXiv:2205.11916, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11916

Murray Shanahan, “Talking About Large Language Models,” arXiv:2212.03551, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.03551

D. L. Lasorsa, S. C. Lewis, and A. E. Holton, “Normalizing Twitter-Journalism practice in an emerging communication space,” Journal. Stud., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 19–36, Feb. 2012, doi: 10.1080/1461670x.2011.571825.

J. C. Samuel Leeman-Munk, James Lester, “NCSU_SAS_SAM: Deep Encoding and Reconstruction for Normalization of Noisy Text,” ACL-IJCNLP 2015 - Work. Noisy User-Generated Text, WNUT, pp. 154–161, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://aclanthology.org/W15-4323/

E. S. Massimo Lusetti, Tatyana Ruzsics, Anne Göhring, Tanja Samardžić, “Encoder-Decoder Methods for Text Normalization,” Assoc. Comput. Linguist., 2018, [Online]. Available: https://aclanthology.org/W18-3902/

R. M. Xulang Zhang, “A survey on syntactic processing techniques,” Artif. Intell. Rev., vol. 56, pp. 5645–5728, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10462-022-10300-7

J. E. M. Matthew J. Page, “The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews,” BMJ, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71

B. A. K. Pearl Brereton, “Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain,” J. Syst. Softw., vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 571–583, 2007, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016412120600197X

E. M. Damir Azhar, “A systematic review of web resource estimation,” ACM Int. Conf. Proceeding Ser., 2012, [Online]. Available: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2365324.2365332

Downloads

Published

2026-01-02

How to Cite

Arif, M., Hayat Khan, H., & Fatima, N. (2026). Limitations of Current Syntactic Analysis Models for User Stories: A Systematic Literature Review Protocol. International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, 8(1), 01–10. Retrieved from https://journal.50sea.com/index.php/IJIST/article/view/1680