Qubits - Shaping the Future of Information Processing

Abstract

In the endless striving to push the boundaries of information processing capabilities, the competition that rages today between Quantum Bits and Classical Bits has become the central area of interest in modern research. The research elucidates and analyzes the distinct characteristics of these two fundamental units of information. It also critically examines their prospective futures in computing. In this article, a comprehensive comparison between Classical Bits - the binary entities that constituted classical computing for decades - and quantum bits - quantum mechanical counterparts that realize the principles of superposition and entanglement - is given. The research is based on the fundamental principles of classical and quantum computers, information units, logic circuits, time scaling dissimilarities, and complexity of algorithms. This article fills this gap by providing a comprehensive and structured comparative analysis of Classical Bits and quantum bits, examining their foundational principles, logic circuit realizations, algorithmic complexity, and computational scalability. The study offers a consolidated perspective that helps clarify the fundamental differences and practical implications of classical versus quantum computation, thereby supporting researchers and practitioners in understanding the computational advantages and limitations of both paradigms. Key observations include: The world has witnessed that classical computers have emerged vastly over the decades, in terms of memory sizes and computing speeds. For this reason, classical computers are used in nearly all fields. Nevertheless, in many fields, classical computers are less effective in solving complex problems in terms of accuracy, speed, and efficiency. Therefore, research exploring the exceptional features - entanglement and superposition - of qubits or Quantum Bits explores how quantum phenomena give rise to new modalities in computing.