Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Chain and Poverty in Pakistan
Keywords:
Food Insecurity, Demographic, Spatial, COVID-19, PovertyAbstract
COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the food supply throughout the world. Pandemics affect the economy of nations badly but a number of countries were facing food insecurity even before COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper yearly data of food security is collected from the year 2015 to 2020 to inspect the consequences of poverty and COVID-19 pandemic through spatial regression analysis. The analysis shows that the food insecurity index has increased up to 33.5% by the year 2020 due to prevailing COVID- 19 pandemic. The Asian residents which are already living in developing countries have faced higher food insecurity between the years 2015 and 2018. The spatial regression analysis babbled that the discriminations like race, religion and creed doesn’t play any significant role in poverty and food insecurity. The primary factor of food insecurity is poverty. The poverty affected strongly during the years 2015 and 2018, the condition was worsened by the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
References
Zhou, Deyi, et al. "Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 18.2 (2019): 201-210.
https://www.dawn.com/news/1626141/food-insecurity
Babatunde, Raphael O., and MatinQaim. "Impact of off-farm income on food security and nutrition in Nigeria." Food policy 35.4 (2010): 303-311.
Food and Agriculture Organization (2013).The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013.The multiple dimensions of food security. Accessible :http: // www.fao.org/ docrep/ 018/ i3434e/ i3434e06.pdf
Government of Pakistan (2017). Pakistan Economic Survey 2016-2017. Accessible: http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_17/overview_2016-17.pdf
Government of Pakistan Ministry of National Food Security and Research Islamabad (2017). National Food Security Policy. Accessible: http:// www.mnfsr.gov.pk/ mnfsr / userfiles1/ file/12%20Revised%20Foo d%20Security%20Policy%2002%20June%202017.pdf
Kugelman, M. et al. (2011). “Hunger Pains: Pakistan's Food Insecurity”, The Woodrow Wilson Center, Accessible: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/hunger-painspakistans-food-
ONE United Nations Pakistan (2016). ONE UN Pakistan Programme II Annual Report. Accessible: http:// www.un.org.pk/ wp-content/ uploads/ 2015/07/UN_report 2016 interactive SIGNED highres.pdf
Zhou, Deyi, et al. "Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 18.2 (2019): 201-210.
Pai, Shilpa, and Kandy Bahadur. "The impact of food insecurity on child health." Pediatric Clinics 67.2 (2020): 387-396.
Ke J, Ford-Jones EL. Food insecurity and hunger: A review of the effects on children's health and behaviour. Paediatr Child Health. 2015;20(2):89-91. doi:10.1093/pch/20.2.89
https://www.unicef.org/media/60806/file/SOWC-2019.pdf
HelpAge International. 2012. Ageing in the 21st Century: A Celebration and A Challenge. New York: UNFPA.
HelpAge International, 2015. Policy Mapping on Ageing in Asia and the Pacific Analytical Report, Chiang Mai: HelpAge International East Asia/Pacific Regional Office.
International Labour Organization. 2018. World Social Protection Report 2017–19. Geneva:ILO.
"World Poverty Clock". worldpoverty.io. Retrieved 2021-07-22.
^ "UNDP Reports Pakistan Poverty Declined to 17%, Under Musharraf". Pakistan Daily. 7 September 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
^ "Poverty in Pakistan: Issues, Causes, and Institutional Responses", Asian Development Bank (accessed: 2008-05-04)
Asghar, Nadia, and Aneel Salman. "Impact of agriculture credit on food production and food security in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS) 12.3 (2018): 851-864.
Barrett, Christopher B., and Dan Maxwell. Food aid after fifty years: Recasting its role.Routledge, 2007.
https://www.unicef.org/pakistan/media/1871/file/KeyFindings NationalNutritionSurvey2018.pdf
https://borgenproject.org/5-things-to-know-about-hunger-in-pakistan/
Zhou, Deyi, et al. "Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 18.2 (2019): 201-210.
Kheyfets, Boris, and V. Chernova. "COVID-19 pandemic influence on global food security." Obshchestvoiekonomika 7 (2020): 86-98.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.