Impact Assessment of Monsoon Precipitation on Groundwater Level in Lahore District Using GIS and Statistical Techniques

Munawar Hussain; Isma Younes

Authors

Munawar Hussain Institute of Geography, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
Isma Younes Institute of Geography, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

Keywords:

Assessment, Ground Water Level, Lahore, Monsoon, Hydrology, Spatiotemporal

Abstract

Introduction/Importance of Study: Precipitation is a crucial component of the global water cycle and a primary source of freshwater, with groundwater being vital for drinking water worldwide, especially in regions like Lahore, Pakistan, where it supports 60-70% of the population.

Novelty Statement: This study uniquely addresses the impact of monsoon precipitation on groundwater levels in Lahore, providing a comprehensive analysis that has not been previously undertaken.

Material and Method: Data from the Pakistan Meteorological Department and WASA’s hydrology branch (2018-2022) were analyzed using GIS-based Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation and statistical methods to assess precipitation patterns and groundwater levels.

Result and Discussion: The findings indicate that monsoon rainfall significantly raises groundwater levels by 2-3 meters due to seepage and infiltration. Spatial and temporal analyses revealed that the monsoon period, especially July and August, contributes the most to groundwater recharge. Despite this, the overuse of groundwater during non-monsoon months and extensive urban infrastructure limit overall groundwater recharge. The study found a positive correlation between monsoon precipitation and groundwater levels, emphasizing the critical role of sustainable aquifer management to maintain groundwater resources.

Concluding Remarks: Sustainable management of aquifer recharge is essential to ensure the long-term availability of groundwater resources in Lahore.

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