Assessment of Long-Term Relationship of Tropospheric NO2 with Meteorological Parameters for Sustainability in Pakistan

Hamza Malik; Sawaid Abbas; Fatima Naeem; Nawai Habib; Nosheen Akhtar

Authors

Hamza Malik Smart Sensing for Climate and Development, Centre for Geographic Information System, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Sawaid Abbas Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Fatima Naeem Smart Sensing for Climate and Development, Centre for Geographic Information System, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Nawai Habib Smart Sensing for Climate and Development, Centre for Geographic Information System, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Nosheen Akhtar Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Keywords:

Giovanni, NO2, OMI, AURA, Meteorological Parameters

Abstract

Introduction: Assessing atmospheric changes is crucial as population density increases and countries industrialize to meet growing demands. Pakistan is listed among the countries with the most deteriorating air quality globally.

Novelty Statement: This research investigates tropospheric NO₂ patterns in Pakistan from 2005 to 2022 using OMI data. It reveals seasonal variations and anthropogenic impacts, offering valuable insights for air quality policies in developing regions.

Material and Methods: This study analyzed tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) patterns using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and examined their relationship with meteorological parameters such as rainfall, wind speed, and temperature. The analysis focused on NO₂ pollution patterns at the district level in Pakistan from 2005 to 2022, including major urban centers like Lahore, Faisalabad, and Peshawar.

Results and Discussion: An increasing trend in NO₂ concentrations was observed, with a rise of 9.028 x 10¹⁵ molecules/cm² in winter. Summer values were lower, around 1.9 x 10¹⁵ molecules/cm². A notable decrease in NO₂ concentrations occurred in the pre-monsoon months, except in Peshawar, where concentrations fell during spring. The study revealed varied patterns in NO₂ levels in relation to temperature, wind speed, and rainfall over the years. Industrial cities with heavy traffic, large populations, agricultural fires, and fossil fuel combustion exhibited high anthropogenic emission levels in the lower atmosphere.

Conclusion: This study provides regulators with a deeper understanding of anthropogenic emission levels in major cities, helping to identify sources and develop effective air quality management strategies.

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