Impact Assessment of Agro-Meteorological Drought Using Geo-Spatial Techniques. A Case Study of Southeastern Sindh-Pakistan

Saira Batool; Syed Amer Mahmood; Jahanzeb Qureshi; Amer Masood; Maryam Muhammad Ali; Zainab Tahir

Authors

Saira Batool Centre for Integrated Mountain Research University of Punjab Lahore
Syed Amer Mahmood Department of Space Science, University of Punjab Lahore
Jahanzeb Qureshi Department of Space Science, University of Punjab Lahore
Amer Masood Department of Space Science, University of Punjab Lahore
Maryam Muhammad Ali Department of Space Science, University of Punjab Lahore
Zainab Tahir Department of Space Science, University of Punjab Lahore

Keywords:

Climate change, Cardiac Products, SPI, Remote sensing, NDVI, LST, SMI, Geospatial techniques

Abstract

The frequency of droughts is rising as the global temperature rises significantly. Therefore, it's essential to utilize the right index when monitoring drought conditions. SPI and RDI tools were utilized in this study to evaluate the drought situation. "DrinC" was used to generate the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) for the 3-, 6-, and 12-month (Oct-Dec, Oct-March, and Oct-September) time periods from 1981 to 2020. With RDIs between -1.0 and -2.5, all districts experience moderate, severe, and extreme droughts. The RDI 3-, 6-, and 12-month Calculations were used to emphasize the years 1984, 1992, 1994, 2010, 2011, 2015, and 2019. These findings demonstrate that in years of drought, productivity decreased. Most stations experienced dry weather between 1981 and 2020. In South-Eastern Sindh, Pakistan, during the past four decades (1981-2020), this study intends to assess changes in land surface temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Soil Moisture Index (SMI). LST changes were analyzed using approaches for identifying satellite data. The highest NDVI reading was obtained in 1988 (+0.53), and the lowest reading was obtained in 2021 (+0.48). The greatest SMI was found to be (+1.1) in 1988, while the minimum was found to be (+0.98) in 2021. Similarly, the LST ranged from 35.1 degrees Celsius in 1988 to 53.4 degrees Celsius in 2021. SPI and RDI had a negative connection, according to the linear regression. For assessing the severity of drought conditions, the SPI and RDI indexes are useful. The results suggested that these techniques might be helpful in creating drought preparedness plans. Such research could be beneficial for the creation of tactical approaches to fend against droughts and decrease their effects on various economic sectors.

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